Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that is usually diagnosed in childhood but may persist into adulthood. In addition, patients may experience age-inappropriate behavior, attention deficit problems, difficulty regulating emotions, and abnormal executive function. This article will describe the basic features of ADHD, how to evaluate and recognize potential signs of ADHD, and what steps to take next.
I.Symptoms of ADHD
The symptoms of ADHD can be divided into two main categories: inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.
Inattention:
· Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
· Easily distracted
· Forgetfulness in daily activities
· Difficulty organizing tasks and activities
Hyperactivity/Impulsivity:
· Frequently interrupting or intruding on others
· Difficulty playing or engaging in activities quietly
· Excessive movement or feeling restless
· Making impulsive decisions without considering the consequences
II.Initial Assessment: ADHD Predisposition Test
The diagnosis and assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) usually involves a variety of tools and methods. Commonly used ADHD test behavior assessment scales Conners Comprehensive Behavior Rating Scales, ADHD Rating Scale, BASC。 Below is a simple test to help you assess whether your child has ADHD tendencies. Please note that this is only a preliminary test assessment and cannot replace a doctor's professional diagnosis.
1. Not paying attention to details or making careless mistakes in classwork.
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
2. Difficulty sustaining concentration on tasks or activities.
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
3. When the other person talks to you directly, you don’t seem to be listening.
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
4.Failure to follow instructions and unable to complete schoolwork (not due to defiant behavior or lack of understanding).
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
5.Avoid, dislike or be unwilling to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort.
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
6.Poor memory for daily activities.
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
7.Keep moving your hands and feet or twisting in your seat.
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
8.Leaving your seat in class or other situations where you need to be seated.
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
9.Difficulty playing quietly or engaging in leisure activities.
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
10.Always “busy” or often acting like “motor driven”.
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
11.Talks excessively.
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
12.Interrupting or interfering with others (e.g., interrupting conversations or games).
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
13.Lose temper.
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
14.Actively disobey or refuse to comply with adult requirements or rules.
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
15.Difficulty organizing tasks and activities.
A.Never B.Occasionally C.Often D.Very often
Scoring Criteria:
Frequency code: 0 = never; 1 = occasionally; 2 = often; 3 = very often
Scoring Results:
0-30: Normal range, indicating that the child’s behavior does not have significant ADHD symptoms.
31-40: Mild symptoms, there may be some attention deficit or mild hyperactivity, but usually does not affect daily life.
41-50: Moderate symptoms, indicating that the child has significant problems with attention and impulse control and may require further evaluation or intervention.
51 and above: Severe symptoms, indicating the presence of significant ADHD characteristics and usually requiring.
III. Recommendations for parents
1. Seek professional diagnosis
The diagnosis of ADHD typically involves several steps, including:
· Clinical Interview: The doctor will talk with the child and their parents to discuss behavioral performance and its impact on learning and social interactions.
· Behavioral Assessment Scale: Standardized questionnaires are used to evaluate the child's behavior in different environments.
· Teacher Feedback: Observations from teachers in the classroom are crucial for assessing the child’s attention and behavior.
· Exclusion of Other Disorders: The doctor will ensure that the symptoms are not caused by other medical or mental health issues.
2.Treatment and Management
The management of ADHD is usually multifaceted and primarily includes:
Medication:
Common medications for ADHD include stimulants (such as methylphenidate) and non-stimulants (such as atomoxetine). Medications can help improve attention and control impulsivity.
Behavioral Therapy:
Behavioral therapy can help children learn better behavior management skills and establish clear rules and reward systems.
Educational Support:
Schools typically provide individualized education plans (IEPs) or 504 plans for children with ADHD to address their specific learning needs.
Family Support:
Family education and support are equally important. Parents can learn how to communicate more effectively with their children and manage their behaviors.
ADHD is a complex disorder, but with early diagnosis and appropriate intervention, many children can overcome challenges and lead fulfilling lives. Understanding the symptoms and management strategies for ADHD is crucial for parents, educators, and healthcare professionals. If there is a suspicion that a child may have ADHD, it is important to seek professional help promptly.
