Menstrual disorders: causes, characteristics and solutions
ⅠCauses of menstrual disorders
Menstrual disorders are a common gynecological problem with complex causes involving a variety of physiological, psychological and lifestyle factors. The following is an analysis of the main causes:
①Endocrine disorders
▸Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis dysfunction: This is the main cause of menstrual disorders. The imbalance of hormone secretion between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries may lead to irregular menstrual cycles, abnormal menstrual flow and other problems.
▸Abnormal thyroid function: Excessive or insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones will affect the menstrual cycle, causing early or delayed menstruation.
▸Other endocrine problems: Such as hyperprolactinemia, adrenal dysfunction, etc., may also interfere with the menstrual cycle.
②Lifestyle factors
▸Irregular work and rest: Staying up late for a long time and chaotic work and rest will disrupt the body's biological clock, leading to endocrine disorders, and then causing menstrual disorders.
▸Dietary problems: Excessive dieting, overeating or preference for spicy and greasy food may lead to unbalanced nutrition and affect the normal function of the reproductive system.
▸Excessive exercise: High-intensity and long-term exercise may lead to low body fat content, affect the synthesis and secretion of hormones, and even cause amenorrhea.
③Psychological factors
Long-term mental stress, anxiety, depression and other negative emotions will affect the function of the hypothalamus, leading to imbalance in hormone secretion, thereby causing menstrual disorders.
④Disease factors
▸Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): This is a common endocrine metabolic disease, manifested as oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, hirsutism, obesity, etc.
▸Uterine fibroids: Fibroids may affect the blood supply of the endometrium, leading to increased menstrual volume and prolonged menstruation.
▸Endometriosis: Patients may experience symptoms such as irregular menstruation and dysmenorrhea.
⑤ Environmental factors
Sudden environmental changes, such as sudden changes in temperature, jet lag, changes in living environment, etc., may affect the body's biological clock and endocrine system, leading to menstrual disorders.
⑥ Drug effects
Long-term use of certain drugs, such as contraceptives, antidepressants, anti-tumor drugs, etc., may affect the endocrine system, leading to changes in menstrual cycle and menstrual volume.
Ⅱ Characteristics of menstrual disorders
The manifestations of menstrual disorders are varied, mainly including the following aspects:
① Abnormal menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is shortened (less than 21 days) or prolonged (more than 35 days), or even amenorrhea.
The menstrual cycle is irregular and difficult to predict.
② Abnormal menstrual duration
The menstrual period is prolonged or shortened, more than 7 days or less than 3 days.
③ Abnormal menstrual blood volume
Too much or too little menstrual bleeding, or even non-menstrual bleeding.
④ Associated symptoms
Dysmenorrhea, backache, dizziness, fatigue, mood swings, etc.
Some patients may be accompanied by obesity, hirsutism, acne, infertility, etc.
Ⅲ Solutions to menstrual disorders
For menstrual disorders, lifestyle adjustments, psychological interventions, drug treatments, and surgical treatments can be used.
① Lifestyle adjustment
▸Regular work and rest: Maintain a regular work and rest time, avoid staying up late, and ensure adequate sleep.
▸Balanced diet: Intake enough protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals, and avoid excessive dieting.
▸Moderate exercise: Do aerobic exercise, such as walking, jogging, etc., but avoid excessive exercise.
▸Keep warm: Avoid cold during menstruation, and keep your lower abdomen warm.
②Psychological intervention
▸Relieve stress: Relax your body and mind through yoga, meditation, listening to music, etc.
▸Keep an optimistic attitude: Avoid being in a state of tension and anxiety for a long time.
③Drug treatment
▸Hormone treatment: For menstrual disorders caused by endocrine disorders, hormone drugs can be used for conditioning under the guidance of a doctor.
▸Other drugs: For thyroid dysfunction, drugs such as thyroxine can be used.
④Surgical treatment
For menstrual disorders caused by organic lesions (such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis), surgical treatment can be considered.
⑤Daily care
Keep the vulva clean during menstruation to avoid infection.
Avoid sexual intercourse during menstruation to reduce the risk of infection.
Ⅳ Professional medical advice
If the symptoms of menstrual disorders persist or worsen, it is recommended to seek medical attention in time. The doctor will clarify the cause and develop an individualized treatment plan through detailed medical history inquiry, physical examination and necessary auxiliary examinations (such as six hormone tests, B-ultrasound, etc.).
ⅤSummary
Menstrual period disorders are a common gynecological problem with complex causes, involving endocrine disorders, lifestyle, psychological factors, diseases and other factors. Most patients can be effectively improved by adjusting their lifestyle, relieving psychological stress, taking medication and, if necessary, surgical treatment. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is recommended to seek medical attention in a timely manner to obtain professional medical advice and treatment.
